HOUSE
OF THE RISING SUN/
Origines et Evolution du
célèbre Folk Song/ Origins and evolution of this famous folk song
(re-up)
On ne sait rien de sûr à propos des lointaines origines
de cette chanson qui est, généralement, considérée comme la complainte d'une
jeune fille séduite par un souteneur et amenée dans l'infâme maison close
"Rising Sun" de la Nouvelle Orléans. Mais les versets (qui varient
selon les versions, en tout cas jusque dans les années 1960) ne sont pas aussi
clairs et peuvent aussi renvoyer à une prison pour femmes ("I got one foot on the platform, The other
foot on the train/ I'm goin' back to New Orleans To wear that ball and chain"),
voire un sanatorium! Comme toujours dans les folk songs américains, on leur
trouve des réminiscences des Iles Britanniques (une vieille ballade anglaise du
XVIIIème siècle mentionne "ask for
The Rising Sun, there you'll find two old whores and my old woman's one")
ainsi que des références en vieille France, la "nouvelle aube"
stylisée par un soleil levant flamboyant étant le symbole de la rédemption et
de la guérison, choisi par l'ordre des Ursulines fondé au XVème siècle et dont
les couvents sont aussi toujours des hospices pour nécessiteux.
Mais comme toujours aussi, les folk songs américains sont
bien sûr... américains. On trouve à la Nouvelle Orléans plusieurs bâtiments qui
peuvent correspondre au "Soleil Levant". D'abord, avec certitude, une
maison close du Vieux Quartier, célèbre dans les années 1808-22 jusqu'à sa
destruction par un incendie et qui abrite aujourd'hui le Musée Historique de La
Nouvelle Orléans. Le Vieux Couvent des Ursulines, installé par les Français au
XVIIIème siècle et, comme signalé, décoré de deux fresques représentant des
Aubes flamboyantes, a été transformé en prison pour femmes à la fin du XIXème
siècle. Enfin, une certaine Mme Marianne Le Soleil possédait une autre maison
close dont les murs étaient ornés de fresques représentant des "Soleils
Levants" (d'après bien sûr son nom) encadrés de trois Eros décochant leurs
flèches. On a retrouvé ces fresques dans le bâtiment de Mme Le Soleil,
aujourd'hui occupé par une agence immobilière!
Quoi qu'il en soit, il est intéressant de retracer
l'évolution de ce folk song à partir du premier enregistrement par Clarence
Ashley en 1933. Il s'agit alors d'un blues à la façon "Hillbilly".
Les Callahan Brothers et Roy Acuff qui ont connu le morceau par Ashley en
donnent des versions similaires. Lomax enregistre une chanteuse amateur Georgia
Turner qui interprète ce thème. Par Lomax, le morceau passe dans le répertoire
des bluesmen et folk singers qui constituent alors la scène new-yorkaise, en
particulier Josh White, Woody Guthrie et Lead Belly. Mais c'est l'actrice de
théâtre et chanteuse Libby Holman (1904-71), une proche amie de Josh White, qui
lui "emprunte" House of the
Rising Sun et en enregistre une version de style cabaret de l'époque qui
est un grand succès.
Gérard
HERZHAFT
Let's leave (but not
too far, don't be afraid!) the hardcore blues to study a little bit one of the
most famous American folk song House of
the Rising Sun with its hundreds of recordings in dozens languages!.
In
fact, before the 1960's, House of the
Rising Sun was just a bluesy Old Time ballad among many others. It was only
first recorded by Clarence Ashley in 1933. Ashley who was from Tennessee and
was rediscovered during the 1960's Folk Boom told he learned this song from his
grandfather and took it in his repertoire while touring around the South with a
medicine show.
The
far origins of this song (generally sung from a young girl's speech who was
seduced by a gambler and doomed to an infamous "Rising Sun" in New
Orleans) are very uncertain. And the verses of the different early versions may
refer to a brothel but also to a prison (I
got one foot on the platform, The other foot on the train/ I'm goin' back to
New Orleans To wear that ball and chain) or even a hospital. Like so very
often, one can find British origins of the song: a XVIIIth Century English
ballad has those verses: "ask for
The Rising Sun, there you'll find two old whores and my old woman's one".
Or French origins, the "new dawn with a flamboyant sun" being the
symbol of medical redemption and healing provided by the Ursulines Convents
since the XVth Century.
But
as always, the American Folk Songs are first and foremost... Americans. One
find in New Orleans several buildings with a "Rising Sun" connection.
First, a brothel situated in the French Quarter, very famous during the years
1808-1822 when a fire almost destroyed the building which is today the home of
the Historic New Orleans Collection Museum. The old Ursulines' Convent created
by the French during the early XVIIIth Century has become a prison for women at
the end of the XIXth Century. And has still the original decorations of two
Rising Sun mural paintings, common to this religious order. There is also an
other brothel formerly owned by a certain Madam Marianne Le Soleil (Mrs The
Sun!) whose walls were decorated with several Rising Suns (from the Madam's
name) surrounded by three cherubs! This very building is occupied today by a
real estate who kept the original paintings!
Whatever,
it is rewarding to follow the evolution of this folk song from the very first
1933 Clarence Ashley recording which was mostly a "Hillbilly blues".
The Callahan Brothers and Roy Acuff have learned the song from Ashley and their
renditions are close to the "original". In 1937, Lomax recorded the
song by an amateur singer from Kentucky, Georgia Turner who might have learned
the song from the records or from local singers. Anyway, with this version, House of the Rising Sun takes root among
the numerous folk singers and bluesmen playing in the New York area: Weavers,
Pete Seeger, Woody Guthrie, Lead Belly, Josh White. But it's Libby Holman
(1904-71) a cabaret singer and an actress, a close friend of Josh White who hit
big with her version recorded in 1942.
The
today well known arrangements of the song have in fact been created by Dave Van
Ronk during the early 1960's (although he didn't record it before 1964). Bob
Dylan who was at that time living in Van Ronk's apartment borrowed him the song
and recorded it on his very first album. The British band, The Animals took the
Dylan/ Van Ronk version, electrifies it and enjoyed a huge commercial success
throughout the world, then making the previous obscure The House of The Rising Sun one of the most recorded American Folk
Song of all times!
Gérard
HERZHAFT
HOUSE
OF THE RISING SUN
01. Clarence Ashley: Rising
sun blues (1932)
02. Callahan Brothers:
Rounder's luck (1934)
03. Georgia Turner: House of
the Risin' Sun (1937)
04. Roy Acuff: The Rising Sun
(1938)
05. Libby Holman: The house of
the Rising Sun (1942)
06. Josh White: House of the
Rising Sun (1944)
07. Lead Belly: House of the
Rising Sun (1944)
08. Woody Guthrie: Rising Sun
blues (1944)
09. Weavers: House of the
Rising Sun (1959)
10. Joan Baez: House of the
Rising Sun (1960)
11. Pete Seeger: House of the
Rising Sun (1961)
12. Fred Gerlach: Risin' Sun
(1962)
13. Bob: House of the Rising
Sun (1962)
14. Nina Simone: House of the
Rising Sun (1962)
15. Isla Cameron: The House of
the Rising Sun (1962)
16. Karen James: The House of
the Rising Sun (1962)
17. Roscoe Holcomb: House in
New Orleans (1962)
18. Jack Elliott: House of the
Rising Sun (1963)
19. Dave Van Ronk: House of
the Rising Sun (1964)
20. Animals: The House of the
Rising Sun (1964)
21. Doc Watson: Rising Sun
blues (1964)
22. Supremes: House of the
Rising Sun (1964)
HOUSE OF THE RISING SUN (re-up by requests)
RépondreSupprimerhttps://mega.nz/#!PRpHhZKY!nhXmz9yXWNbJq8xnGzAAsPjS_FNgHuCU4Td4HzQp0R8
OK?
cool thanx x
RépondreSupprimerinteresting timing for this post as I am headed to Eastern TN in a few weeks to visit some of the places where Roy Acuff played and the Birthplace of Country Music Museum in Bristol.
RépondreSupprimerThanks
RépondreSupprimerThanks
RépondreSupprimerhmm no burdon n the animals version??
RépondreSupprimerOf course not! Everybody knows The Animals' version and think they composed the tune! Neither Johnny Hallyday 's version that a majority of French think he composed the number.
SupprimerMuchas gracias Sr Herzhaft...
RépondreSupprimerExpléndido, muchas gracias Gerard.
RépondreSupprimerMuy bien, gracias!
RépondreSupprimerMerci, Gerard! Another well crafted compilation for an "infamous" song! May I suggest Tim Hardin's superb acoustic version, listen: https://youtu.be/atj9OhfvX9o
RépondreSupprimerThere are also 2 bizarre versions in German, where the House is located in Berlin:
Wilbert Eckart and Volksmusik Stars - Haus Abendrot
https://youtu.be/A-WAoxkuGsA
EAV - Es Steht Ein Haus In Ostberlin
https://youtu.be/mrWt7ii2IFQ
Amazing! Thank you
RépondreSupprimer